PENYUSUNAN SEMULA PENDUDUK : IMPAKNYA TERHADAP
PEMBASMIAN KEMISKINAN DI MALAYSIA
Dr. Radieah Mohd Nor
radieah@usm.my
Center of Global Sustanibility Studies (CGSS)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Abstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberkesanan penyusunan semula penduduk di
Malaysia bermula pada tahun 1971. Penyusunan semula penduduk ini berlaku
rentetan daripada Peristiwa 13 Mei yang menjadi titik hitam dalam sejarah
Malaysia pada tahun 1969. Ia dikatakan titik hitam dalam sejarah Malaysia
kerana berlakunya rusuhan kaum sehingga menyebabkan pertumpahan darah berlaku.
Berdasarkan analisis tekstual yang telah dilakukan, ternyata penyusunan semula
penduduk bukan sahaja berjaya mencapai perpaduan dan membangunkan satu bangsa,
tetapi ia boleh dijadikan contoh terbaik untuk membasmi kemiskinan terutama
kepada sesebuah negara yang berbilang kaum dalam tempoh masa yang singkat.
Penyusunan semula penduduk telah membetulkan ketidakseimbangan sosio-ekonomi
yang wujud di Malaysia antara kaum dan wilayah. Terdapat lima perkara telah
digariskan untuk tujuan tersebut. Pertama, memodenkan kawasan luarbandar.
Kedua, mengurangkan keadaan yang tidak seimbang dalam struktur guna tenaga.
Ketiga, menambahkan lebih cepat pemilikan rakyat Malaysia dalam pemilikan modal
dan stok syarikat. Keempat, Membentuk sebuah masyarakat perdagangan dan
perindustrian dalam kalangan Melayu dan bumiputra. Kelima, memajukan negeri dan
kawasan yang mundur. Berdasarkan kajian di Malaysia, negara tersebut hanya
mengambil masa lebih kurang 40 tahun untuk mencapai 1.7% insiden kemiskinannya
pada tahun 2012 sedangkan pada tahun 1970 insiden kemiskinannya adalah 49.3%.
Kata Kunci:
Penyusunan semula penduduk, kemiskinan, Malaysia, perpaduan, berbilang kaum
ISLAM AND LOCAL WISDOM IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN JEMBER, EAST JAVA
Mr Darsan
darsanafidar@gmail.com
Kantor Pemuda Dan Olah Raga Jember, Jawa Timur
Universitas Negeri Jember
The focus of
this study is to examine islam and local wisdom in disaster management policy
implementation in Jember, East Java. This study used a descriptive qualitative
method. The result of this research is the implementation of a public policy
disaster in Jember has not been optimal. disaster management is done in a state
of emergency, reactive when a disaster occurs, and post-disaster alone, with
very limited data and information, has not been done proactively to prevent and
reduce the impact of disaster risk. There are two things that do some
communities in Jember, that is: an attempt to improve disaster preparedness to
the community and students by means of socialization, and local economic
development to strengthen the capacity of society to face the threat of
disaster. In the local community disaster management practice sometimes carried
out with a combination of local wisdom with Islamic rituals. Local wisdom base
to serve as a locus of innovation in community-based disaster management. This
is done as an alternative strategy to encourage community participation in
disaster management around him. Without the participation of the social
community, will run sectoral disaster management.
Keywords:
Islam, Local Wisdom, Policy Implementation, Disaster
DEBT AS AN INSTRUMENT OF FISCAL POLICY OF THE GOVERNMENT
OF INDONESIA IN ISLAMIC POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE
Khairunnisa
Musari
Lecturer at Department of
Syari’ah , IAIN Jember
Supranoto
Lecturer at Faculty Social and Political Sciences, University of
Jember
Debt is a part of fiscal policy and also being a
part of the overall economic management policy. When the state budget has
deficit, the debt is viewed as a logical consequence to cover it. The
Government of the Republic of Indonesia, both
in the New Order or the Reform Era, use the debt as an instrument of
fiscal policy. During the New Order, the Government used a balanced budget and
debt was an instrument to cover budget shortfalls. In the Reform Era, a
balanced budget policy was changed to the budget deficit. However, in practice,
there is no difference between the two budget policies because debt become the
main instrument of financing. Inevitably, the debt is now viewed as a common
policy to be done in the management of state budget. Therefore, the purpose of
this paper is to study the debt as an instrument of fiscal policy that is
commonly used by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in the Islamic
political economy perspective. This paper has three main objectives. First,
identify the debt posture of Indonesian government in the New Order and Reform
Era. Second, analyzing whether the debt is really necessary. Third, study the
view of Islamic political economic toward the use of debt as an instrument of
fiscal policy in the management of the economy.
Keywords: state budget, debt, fiscal policy, Islamic political economy
THE PHILOSOPHY OF ISLAMIC POLITICAL ECONOMY:
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
Abdurrahman RadenAjiHaqqi
Senior Lecturer
Faculty of Shariah and Law
Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University
Brunei Darussalam
Phone: +673 8825790; Fax: +673 2462233
E-mail: arhaqqi@unissa.edu.bn
When we say
that political economy means a study of mankind in the ordinary business of
life; it examines that part of individual and social action which is most
closely connected with theattainment and with the use of the material
requisites of wellbeing. A question may arise how we could approach it with a
philosophical study? For the philosophy is how to justify your believe then we
may ask what, how, and why political economy. The matter will be more
complicated when we add to the study a religiosity of philosophy of political
economy to Islamic teaching in which to some scholars it is not a philosophy
but it is religion.The declared purpose of Islamic economics is to identify and
establish an economic order that conforms to Islamic scripture and traditions.
On the other side, the first task of the Islamic political system is to eliminate
all forms of oppression within economic relationships and to lay the ground for
the establishment of a just system of distribution of eco¬nomic resources.
However, the source of the injustice is neither social settings nor the means
of production, but rather human nature itself, the inner instincts of self love
that drive man to secure survival for himself only. Such an instinct is
essential for the survival of human life on earth. How could we philosophize
these two disciplines by relating the both to Islam?This paper intends to focus
on remarking the philosophy of Islamic political economy as an introduction to
its huge implementation in the real life of human beings especially Muslims.
Keywords:
philosophy – political economy – islam – objectives – fields.
THE NEXUS OF SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY RELATIONS IN THE ISLAMIC
POLITICAL ECONOMY CONCEPTION: HOW ABIM SCRUTINISES ITS POSITION?
Norazita Marina Abdul Aziz
Lecturer, School of Accountancy
Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) 06010 Sintok, Kedah
azitamarina@gmail.com
Currently, the
social accounting, accountability and engagement issues pertaining to the
non-governmental organisations (NGO) has been widely debated by the academic
scholars. From this rationale, the paper is proposed in focusing the nexus of the
stakeholders’ engagement within the NGO social praxis. It is noticeable in the
NGO setting that the volunteers are the “front liners”, who willing to engage
in volunteering based on their moral and ethical values in assisting the people
in needs. Thus, the social engagement and obligation within the Islamic
position need to be explored on the commonness and mutual consensus between
individual and another individual or the society that they engaged in. In line
with this, the moral values and ethical conduct of an individual is essential
in delineating the relationship of between man and Allah; man and another man;
and lastly man and nature (through the conception of hablunminnallah,
hablunminnas). The ontological position is founded from the Tawhidic position,
which underpins the concept of Oneness of the God. The Islamic worldview
emphasise the belief of the existence of the Creator, who creates the world,
the mankind, animal and nature through the divine law. Parallel to this, the
epistemological foundation follows the understanding of the scope of social
accountability relations by reflecting the Quran, Sunnah and Ijma’ Qiyas as a
underpinnings knowledge that may constructed the evidence of tolerance, moral
and ethical values within Islamic setting. The paper inductively employed
Mantiq Al-Qadim as a research method in contextualising the social
accountability engagement within the Islamic Political Economy conception in
the Islamic NGO setting. In order to provide an extensive and contextual
deliberation of the research setting, the single-case-study of ABIM (Muslim
Youth of Malaysia) was conducted in order to obtain in-depth insights on the
social accountability context within the social praxis in the prioritised
Islamic community. Together, the theoretical and empirical contributions of the
paper provide an understanding of representation “closeness” of accountability
relations which fall outside of the traditional corporate social disclosure
framework. Within the ABIM, the articulation of social reporting is recognised
as a mechanism for establishing new boundaries for the community within which
the NGO operates. For the ABIM, this involves using accounting mechanisms to
highlight the values of a well-defined Islamic community in any public policy
debate and plural rationalities stances provided by the ABIM.
Keywords: Social
Accountability; Islamic Political Economy; Prioritised Community
THE STATUS OF WAQF PROPERTIES IN THE MALAY-MUSLIM MAJORITY
AREAS OF THAILAND: A LEGAL SURVEY
Dr. Sulaiman Dorloh
Faculty of Shariah and Law
UNISSA
dsulaiman@unissa.edu.bn
This paper explores the status of the institution of waqf and
relevant laws concerning waqf in the Malay-Muslim majority areas, Narathiwat
province, southern Thailand. There are some legal provisions in the Royal Act
concerning Muslim mosque, 1947 which speaks about mosque property in general.
However, this act does not really reflect the status of waqf property in
Islamic law. Of course, other laws, for example, Thai Civil and Commercial Law
Code 1934, the Royal Act concerning the Administration of Islamic organization,
1997, the Patronage of Islam Act of 1945, and Thai National Land Code, 1951
speak about the property and trust in general. The crucial issues as to whether
those laws are complete to accommodate the waqf property for Muslims in those
four provinces and other Muslims in the country. The study is deemed necessary
to highlight some of the weaknesses which should be solved in order to improve
and review the existing provisions and other related issues pertaining to waqf
properties in those four provinces.
Keyword: Waqf,
Al-Muhammadi waqf committee members, Thai civil laws
PERTIMBANGAN NILAI DALAM KAJIAN EKONOMI POLITIK ISLAM
Mohd Syahmir Alias
Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam (ISDEV)
Universiti Sains Malaysia
syahsc90@gmail.com
Dalam
melaksanakan kajian berkaitan bidang ekonomi politik, antara cabarannya adalah
untuk mengelakkan diri daripada terlibat dengan pertimbangan nilai (value
judgment). Hal ini kerana, pertimbangan nilai dalam penyelidikan memberi kesan
kepada pembentukan polisi sosial. Bertitik tolak daripada permasalahan ini,
sarjana Jerman, Max Weber memperkenalkan suatu konsep dalam penyelidikan sains
sosial yang dikenali sebagai konsep bebas nilai. Konsep ini dikemukakan hasil
daripada perdebatan mengenai campur tangan matlamat politik dalam kajian-kajian
yang menentukan polisi sosial di Jerman. Persoalannya, adakah konsep seperti
ini mempunyai signifikan dalam kajian ekonomi politik Islam? Bagaimanakah
pertimbangan nilai dapat diketepikan dalam melaksanakan kajian berkenaan
ekonomi politik Islam? Oleh yang demikian, kertas kerja ini mempunyai tiga
tujuan. Pertama, mengenal pasti latar belakang perdebatan konsep bebas nilai
dalam kalangan sarjana Jerman. Kedua, meneliti asas-asas konsep tersebut.
Ketiga, menganalisis konsep bebas nilai dari perspektif kajian ekonomi politik
Islam. Dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan, kertas kerja ini menemukan
dua dapatan penting. Pertama, konsep bebas nilai yang diperkenalkan oleh Max
Weber ini mempunyai hubung kait dengan situasi Perang Dunia Pertama yang
berlaku di Eropah. Kedua, terdapat dua asas bebas nilai yang perlu diambil kira
untuk melakukan kajian ekonomi politik Islam iaitu perbezaan di antara fakta
dengan penilaian peribadi, dan sifat kebenaran ilmu pengetahuan.
Kata Kunci: Bebas
Nilai, Pertimbangan Nilai, Kajian, Ekonomi Politik Islam, Max Weber
KEPATUHAN PEMBAYARAN ZAKAT:
PERANAN EKONOMI POLITIK ISLAM
Azura Mohd.Noor
Pensyarah Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perlis) dan
Calon PhD Pusat Pengajian Perakaunan,
Universiti Utara Malaysia, Kedah Darul Aman
azura@perlis.uitm.edu.my
Makalah ini
bertujuan untuk menjawab persoalan mengenai kepatuhan pembayaran zakat melalui
institusi formal dalam aspek peranan politik ekonomi Islam. Perbincangan dibuat
berdasarkan dapatan kajian-kajian lepas berkenaan undang-undang zakat dan
pembayaran zakat ke institusi formal dan tidak formal. Faktor-faktor seperti
undang-undang, penguatkuasaan, ekonomi, semasa, perubahan teknologi dan
sosiologi merupakan suatu peluang untuk digunakan sepenuhnya bagi sesebuah
pihak berkuasa zakat dalam penambahbaikan sistem kutipan dan agihan sedia ada
serta mengambil peluang membuat inovasi bagi kemudahan pembayaran yang mampu
menarik pembayar zakat yang berpotensi. Makalah ini boleh dijadikan input
kepada institusi zakat untuk membuat beberapa penambahbaikan tadbir urusnya dan
meningkatkan jumlah kutipan zakat.
Kata Kunci :
Kepatuhan zakat, kebocoran zakat, penambahbaikan sistem zakat, inovasi, tadbir
urus.
ZAKAT PEMANGKIN SOSIO EKONOMI ASNAF
Azura Mohd. Noor
Pensyarah Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perlis) dan
Calon PhD Pusat Pengajian Perakaunan Universiti Utara Malaysia,
Kedah Darul Aman
azura@perlis.uitm.edu.my
Hassan Hj. Arshad
Pengarah Pusat Islam
Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis Indera Kayangan
hassan@unimap.edu.my
Makalah ini
merupakan makalah konseptual yang bertujuan untuk membincangkan peranan zakat
sebagai pemangkin dalam pertumbuhan sosio ekonomi asnaf di Malaysia. Makalah
ini menggunakan metodologi analisa kandungan melalui perbincangan tentang hasil
kajian-kajian terdahulu berkenaan fungsi zakat dalam meningkatkan taraf hidup
golongan asnaf melalui strategi pembasmian kemiskinan, peranan zakat produktif
dan zakat sebagai instrumen ke arah ekonomi kebajikan. Makalah ini menonjolkan
pelbagai peranan zakat dalam pembangunan ummah dan sekaligus menambahkan
keyakinan pembayar-pembayar zakat yang berpotensi untuk terus mengeluarkan
zakat. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini penting bagi melihat sejauh mana pencapaian
institusi zakat dalam menggunakan zakat untuk pembangunan sosio ekonomi khasnya
golongan asnaf dan Malaysia amnya.
Kata Kunci :
sosio ekonomi asnaf, zakat pembasmi kemiskinan, zakat produktif, ekonomi
kebajikan.
POLICYMAKING INSIGHTS FROM
BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS FOR THE POTENTIAL EMPOWERMENT OF THE ISLAMIC INSTITUTION
OF ZAKĀH
Ahmad Lutfi bin
Haji Abdul Razak
Faculty of Business and Management
Sciences,
Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali
lutfi@unissa.edu.bn
Phone Number: +6732462000 (office)
+6737102233 (Mobile)
Fax: +6732462233
Behavioral
economics is a field of study which uses theories and techniques based on
traditional economics, psychology and other social sciences, to explain and
interpret decisions made by individuals and organizations in the allocation of
scarce resources. It seeks to increase the explanatory power of economics by
providing it with more realistic psychological foundations. This paper reviews
several studies which cover charitable giving and poverty alleviation, suggesting
that effective policy design should take into account behavioral traits such as
default bias, myopia and loss aversion.Potential implications and
recommendations are discussed for the empowerment of zakāh.
POLITIC OF ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY OF HANOI (VIETNAM):
STUDY OF HALAL FOOD RESTAURANT
Dr Warjio
Department of Political Science, FISIPOL,
North Sumatra University
(USU), Medan, Indonesia
Research University Team (RUT) - ISDEV,
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia
warjio1974@gmail.com
For Muslims,
halal food is important. This is not only of the demands of sharia but also
related to the issue of identity. Wherever they are, halal food can not be
separated from them, except in emergency circumstances. Included in this when they
are in a country where people are not Muslims. Hanoi City, is one of the cities
in the country of Vietnam that majority of the people are Buddhist. As a city
that is building itself and become one of the tourist destination, Hanoi is
visited by many tourists, including Muslim tourists. For Muslim travelers, the
main problems encountered when in Hanoi is halal food. To meet the demands of
these Muslim travelers, a few restaurants in the city of Hanoi providing halal
food. Enterprises providing halal food is done by the employer Muslim or not.
The results of this research, several restaurants, found several problems
associated with this halal food. This paper will explain how the exploratory
effort to develop halal food in the city of Hanoi. Who are involved in the
effort to develop the halal food? What are the problems faced in the effort to
build the halal food?
Keywords: Halal
Food, Islamic Development Politics, Hanoi, Restaurants
POLITIK
PEMBANGUNAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA:
KAJIAN KE ATAS PERDA SYARIAH DI KOTA LHOKSUMAWE
(ACEH)
Warjio
Departement Ilmu Politik, FISIPOL,
Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU)
Warjio1974@gmail.com
Miftahuddin
Murad
Program Magister Administrasi Publik ,
Universitas Medan Area (UMA),
Medan, Indonesia
Di Indonesia, salah satu
isu dasar yang menjadi perhatian dan menjadi masalah publik adalah Peraturan
Daerah (Perda) Syariah. Munculnya Perda Syariah di Indonesia adalah sebagai sebuah sikap
atas seriusnya persoalan kriminalitas dan kerusakan moral di Indonesia. Namun
demikian, pelaksanaan Perda Syariah di Indonesia, masih menjadi kontroversi.
Ada kelompok masyarakat yang mendukung dan menolak. Sebagai bahagian dari
Kebijakan Publik, Perda Syariah masih dipandang sebagai kepentingan politik
para elit dan otoritasi kehendak lokalitas. Kepentingan elit/kelompok dianggap
lebih berperanan ketimbang keperluan terhadap Perda Syariah itu sendiri. Di
samping itu, ia menegaskan usaha untuk membangun identitas Islam melalui Perda
Syariah. Salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang mengeluarkan Perda Syariah untuk
membangun identitas adalah kota Lhoksumawe, Aceh. Hasil penelitian kami
menegaskan bahwa ada banyak alasan mengapa di kota Lhoksumawe perlu
membangun identitas dirinya melalui
Perda Syariah. Bagaimanakah pembangunan identitas kota Lhoksumawe melalui Perd
Syariah? Hal-hal apa sajakah yang dilaukan mereka untuk membangun identitas
itu? Kertas Kerja ini secara penerokaan akan menjelaskan persoalan-persoalan
tersebut.
Keywords:
Politik Pembangunan, Perda Syariah, Lhoksumawe, Kepentingan Elit, Aceh
IMPACT OF RELIGION ON HALAL FOOD CONSUMER
PURCHESE DECISION: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
Dr. Sunaryo, SE., MSi.
Economics and Business Faculty of Brawijaya University
Jln. Mayjen Haryono 165 Malang, 65145
Phone. 0341 551396 dan Fax 0341 553834
Email: sunaryo053@gmail.com
The halal food market is the fastest growing in the world including
in Indonesia. Furthermore, the majority of the Indonesian populations are
Muslim. However, the awareness of Muslim communities in using halal food are
still law. Besides that, many Muslim consumers are feeling doubtful and
unconfident about halal food processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study
is to review and identify problematic
aspects of consumption of halal food and identify religious factors that appear
to influence consumer purchase decision. Theory of Consumer Decision Model is
used as a theoretical framework with the aim of extending prior research
examining halal food purchasing behavior in Malang. Data are collected through
self‐administered questionnaires. This
study uses multiple regression analysis to identify the factors affecting halal
food purchasing decision of consumers. This study is also expected to provide
contributions, extends our understanding of the halal food purchasing behavior
and the findings provide support for investment decisions and needs of
businesses.
Keywords: consumers, halal food, religion and purchase decision.
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